Gobir, Y.A. & Sani, A-U. (2021). Waƙoƙin Hausa Na Gargajiya. Kaduna: Amal Printing & Publishing Nigerian LTD. ISBN: 978-978-59094-0-01.
Waƙoƙin Hausa Na Gargajiya
Sadaukarwa
Wannan aiki sadaukarwa ce ga masu tunani nagari da karɓar shawarwari nagari da kuma aikata aiki nagari.
Godiya
Da sunan Allah Mai Rahama Mai Jinƙai. Tsira da amincinSa su ƙara tabbata ga mafificin halittu Manzon tsira Annabi Muhammadu (Tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi). Samun ƙwarin guiwa da jajircewar kammala wannan ɗan ƙwarya-ƙwaryar littafi na nuni ga ikon Allah da taimakonSa dangane da aikin. Muna ƙara masa godiya dangane da lafiya da juriya da Ya ba mu har littafi ya zama abin da yake a yau.
Ba za mu taɓa mantawa da taimakon Farfesa Aliyu Muhammad Bunza ba, wanda ya sadaukar da lokacinsa wurin dubawa tare da daidaita sahun tafiyar rubutun. Da fatan Allah Ya saka masa da mafificin alkairi. Bayan haka, muna miƙa godiya ga dukkanin waɗanda suka taimaka da addu’o’i da kuma Allah san barka har dai aikin wannan littafi ya kammala.
Mun gode.
Dr. Yakubu Aliyu GOBIR
Abu-Ubaida SANI
12-06-2019
Muƙaddima
Littafin WAƘOƘIN HAUSA NA GARGAJIYA, wani sabon salo ne na adana rayuwar al’ummar Hausawa a cikin waƙaƙƙen adabi. Wato ta irin wannan salon ne aka fayyace ma’ana da rabe-rabe da kuma amfanin waƙar gargajiya. Ita kuwa waƙa ita ce kafa mafi sauri wajen isar da sakonnin da suka ta’allaƙa ga rayuwar al’umma. Marubutan sun baje hikimarsu wajen fito da ƙunshiyar littafin ta siga biyu. A siga ta farko sun fito da matsayin waƙoƙin ne a rayuwar Bahaushe, wato waƙoƙin wasanni da aikace-aikace da aure da tatsuniya da roƙon ruwa da bara da jinsi da yanayi da kuma aron kalmomi. Ta ɗaya haujin kuma, sai siga ta biyu ta share fagen fayyace siffofin waɗannan waƙoƙi na gargajiya, wato daga marasa kari da ƙafiya ko amsa-amo zuwa masu rashin daidaiton ɗiyoyi da kuma rashin buƙatar kayan kiɗa. A yayin da marubuta littafin suka cancanci yabo, su kuma al’ummar Hausawa za su ci gajiyar waƙoƙin da aka adana domin kada su salwanta, ta hanyar nazari da ba da nishaɗi.
Farfesa Salisu A. Yakasai
Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya
Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sokoto
Ta’aliƙi
Da sunan Allah Mai Rahama da Jinƙa. Muna godiya gare shi a kan ni’imomin da ya yi ga bayinsa baki ɗaya. Tsira da amincin Allah su ƙara tabbata ga fiyayyen halittu Annabin rahama ɗan Abdullahi da iyalan gidansa tare da sabbansa baki ɗaya.
Na ga littafin da Yakubu Aliyu Gobir ya rubuta tare da Abu-Ubaida Sani mai suna ‘Waƙoƙin Hausa Na Gargajiya,’ mai ɗauke da babuka takwas. Babi na farko sun sanya masa suna ‘Waƙoƙi a Rayuwar Bahaushe’ mai ɗauke da abubuwa masu yawa da suka shafi waƙa a rayuwar Bahaushe. Babi na biyu sun yi bayanin ‘Waƙoƙin Wasanni’ tare da kawo ire-irensu. Babi na uku sun yi bayanin ‘Waƙoƙin Aikace-Aikace,’ inda a na huɗu kuma, suka kawo ‘Waƙoƙin Aure/Raka Amarya’. Haka kuma, sun kawo Waƙoƙin Cikin Tatsuniya’ a babu na biyar. A cikin babi na shida, sun kalato ‘Waƙoƙin Roƙon Ruwa’ waɗanda ake rerawa a lokacin roƙon ruwa a gargajiyance. Haka kuma, sun kawo ‘Waƙoƙin Bara’ a babi na bakwai. A babi na ƙarshe kuwa, sun bayyana siffofin waƙoƙin gargajiya na Hausawa.
Alal haƙiƙa, littafin zai taimaka ƙwarai wajen sanar da ‘ya’yan Hausawa waƙoƙin gargajiya kaka da kakanninsu, wanda idan ba haka ba, babu yadda wasu ‘ya’yan Hausawa za su san da su, balle zancen aiwatarwa.
Babu shakka marubutan sun yi ƙoƙari sosai ta hanyar rubuta wannan littafi. A fahimtata, littafin taska ce ta waƙoƙin Hausawa na gargajiya. Kuma gyara kayanka ne ga Hausawa wanda ya fi sauke mu raba.
Dr. Dano Balarabe Bunza
Sashen Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya
Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato
Tsokaci
Wannan littafi ya zo a lokacin da al’ummar Hausawa ke matuƙar buƙatar sa. Littafin ya cancanci yabo saboda irin zurfafa tunanin da marubutansa suka yi na zaƙulo waɗannan waƙoƙin na tsintsar gargajiyar Hausawa. Littafin ya zo daidai lokacin da waƙoƙin ke ƙoƙarin ɓacewa kasancewar al’ummar Hausawa a yau na nuna halin ko-oho gare su.
Ina ƙara yaba wa marubutan wannan littafin game da namijin ƙoƙarin da suka yi wajen tattarawa da rattabo waƙoƙin gargajiya na Hausawa cikin tsari mai armashi. Allah ya ƙara hazaƙa.
Dr. Haruna Umar Bungudu
Department of Hausa Language.
Federal College of Education (Technical) Gusau
Jinjina
A tunanin mutum na bayan fage, da an ce waƙoƙin gargajiya, waƙokin makaɗa ne za su bijiro masa a zuciyarsa. Wannan ya sa marubuta littafin suka nuna cewa, kafin waƙokin makaɗa su bunƙasa, Hausawa suna da waƙoƙin da suke gudanarwa a duk lokacin da buƙatar hakan ta taso. Wannan littafi mai suna Waƙoƙin Hausa Na Gargajiya an rubuta shi ne da manufar taskance waƙokin Hausawa na gargajiya domin sauƙaƙa wa malamai da ɗalibai da kuma masu sha’awar nazarin al’adun Hausawa. Littafin ya tattaro waƙoƙin Hausawa na ainihi waɗanda suka haɗa da waƙokin yara (maza da mata) da kuma waƙoƙin manya waɗanda suke aiwatarwa a lokuta daban-daban. A hannu guda kuma, an duba irin tasirin da zamani yai wa rayuwar Hausawa, an kawo wasu waƙoƙin da suke da kutsen zamananci a cikinsu. Wani abin armashi game da littafin shi ne, salon da aka rubuta waƙoƙin zai bayar da sauƙi ga masu sha’awar haddace waƙoƙin. An tsara littafin ƙarƙashin babuka guda takwas (8), yayin da kowanne babi akan yi ƙoƙarin kawo taƙaitaccen bayanin wasan ko tatsuniyar ko kuma aikin da waƙar ta fito, tare kuma da yin taƙaitaccen tsokacin waƙoƙin da aka gabatar. Allah Ya sa littafin ya zama mai amfani ga jama’a; Ya ci gaba da ɗaukaka Hausawa da karatun Hausa a faɗin duniya. Amin.
Ibrahim Ɗalha
GDSSS, Birnin Kudu,
Ministry of Education Science & Technology, Dutse,
Jigawa State.
ƘUNSHIYA
Godiya iii
Muƙaddima iv
Ta’aliƙi v
Tsokaci vi
Jinjina vii
Gabatarwa xv
BABI NA ƊAYA
WAƘOƘI A RAYUWAR BAHAUSHE
1.0 Gabatarwa
1.1 Ma’anar Waƙa
1.1 Ra’ayoyi Game Da Asalin Waƙa
1.1.1 Masu Ra’ayin Banu Sasana
1.1.2 Asalin Waƙa Daga Tsoffin Ƙasashen Afrika Ta Yamma
1.1.3 Bautar Iskoki Da Dodanni
1.1.4 Farauta A Matsayin Asalin Waƙa
1.2 Sauyi A Duniyar Waƙa
1.3 Amfanin Waƙa
1.4 Waƙoƙin Gargajiya
1.4.1 Rabe-Raben Waƙoƙin Gargajiya
1.4.1.1 Waƙoƙin Wasanni
1.4.1.2 Waƙoƙin Aikace-Aikace
1.4.1.3 Waƙoƙin Aure/Raka Amarya
1.4.1.4 Waƙoƙin Tatsuniya
1.4.1.5 Waƙoƙin Roƙon Ruwa
1.4.1.6 Waƙoƙin Bara
1.5 Amfanin Waƙoƙin Gargajiya
1.5.1 Faɗakarwa
1.5.1.1 Waƙar Tashen Ke Kika Je Ki Gidansu Direba
1.5.1.2 Waƙar Wasan Mainaƙiye
1.5.2 Nishaɗantarwa
1.5.2.1 Waƙar Ta Sa Ni A Turmi Ta Daka
1.5.2.2 Waƙar Wasan Tashe Ta Macukule
1.5.3 Koyar Da Lissafi
1.5.3.1 Waƙar Wasan Ɗura-Ɗura
1.5.3.2 Waƙar Wasan Babunna
1.5.4 Ƙarfafa Danƙon Zumunci
1.5.4.1 Waƙar Wasan Gariye
1.5.4.2 Waƙar Wasan Gamuna
1.5.5 Addu’ar Alkairi
1.5.5.1 Waƙar Roƙon Ruwa Ta Caccayya
1.5.5.2 Waƙar Kaɗi Ta Allah Ba Ni Kaɗa
1.5.6 Adana Kalmomi/Koyar Da Kalmomi
1.5.6.1 Waƙar Tashen Zule-Zuleyya
1.5.7 Adana Al’adu
1.5.7.1 Waƙar Tashen Jatau Mai Magani
1.5.8 Bayyana Muradin Zuci
1.5.8.1 Waƙar Wasan Amali Kande
1.5.8.2 Waƙar Wasan Mama Ta Ƙi Shillona
1.5.9 Bin Doka Da Ƙa’ida
1.5.9.1 Waƙar Wasan Gidan Kurciya
1.5.10 Koyar Da Halayya Na Gari
1.5.10.1 Waƙar Wasan Tsakiyata Ta Tsinke
1.5.11 Lura Da Mai Da Hankali Da Nutuswa
1.5.11.1 Waƙar Wasan Jini Da Jini
1.5.11.2 Waƙar Wasan Noti-Noti
1.5.12 Shugabanci
1.5.12.1Waƙar Wasan Sallar Kwaɗi
1.5.12.2 Waƙar Wasan Ɓelunge
1.5.13 Jan Hankali Zuwa Ga Bin Dokokin Addini
1.5.14 Jarumta
1.5.14.1 Waƙar Wasan Basha
1.5.15 Motsa Jiki
1.5.15.1 Waƙar Lugude Mai Suna Ana Lugude Ana Mama
1.5.15.2 Waƙar Wasan Karya Gaɗiɗi
1.5.16 Ilimantarwa
1.5.16.1 Waƙar Wasan ‘Yar Ganel
1.5.17 Ƙwarewa A Sarrafa Harshe
1.5.17.1 Waƙar Wasan Mamin Jatau
1.5.18 Zurfafa Tunani Da Karantar Ɗabi’un Zuciya
1.5.18.1 Waƙar Wasan Babunna
1.5.18.2 Waƙar Wasan Tambo
1.5.19 Huce Takaici
1.5.19.1 Waƙar Niƙa Ta Kishiya
1.5.20 Samun Abokin Hira/Abokin Taya Aiki
1.5.20.1 Waƙar Niƙa Ta Naƙuda Ta Tashi
1.5.21 Akan Yi Amfani Da Waƙoƙiƙin Gargajiya Wurin Bara
1.5.21.1 Iya Allaro
1.6 Naƙasun Waƙoƙin Gargajiya
1.7 Kammalawa
BABI NA BIYU
WAƘOƘIN WASANNI
2.0 Gabatarwa
2.1 Yara Maza
2.1.1 Jini Da Jini
2.1.2 Belbela-Belbela
2.1.3 Waƙar Wasan Noti-Noti
2.2 Wasannin Yara Mata Na Dandali
2.2.1 Gamuna
2.2.2 A Fiffigi Zogale
2.2.3 Ruwan Ƙauye
2.2.4 Ina Da Cikin Ɗan Fari
2.2.5 Ni Mota Nake So
2.2.6 Amali Kande
2.3 Wasannin Tashe Na Yara Maza
2.3.1 Ba Mu Kuɗinmu
2.3.2 Zule-Zuleyya
Ƙarin Misalan Waƙoƙin Tashen Maza
2.3.3 Danda Dokin Kara
2.3.4 Tashi Wali
2.3.5 Ka Yi Rawa
2.4 Wasannin Tashe Na Yara Mata
2.4.1 Kallo Da Ido
Ƙarin Misalan Waƙoƙin Wasannin Tashe Na Yara Mata
2.4.2 Ga Kuɗin Toshinki Na Bara
2.4.3 Waƙar Wasan Tashen Ke Kika Je Ki Gidansu Direba
3.5 Waƙoƙin Raino
2.5.1 Bari Kuka Sa’idu
2.5.2 Wane Ne?
2.5.3 Tutu Kuletu
2.5.4 Tashi In Raushe Ka
2.5.5 Tashi In Gan Ka
2.5.6 Ɗan Yaro Fari Tas
2.5 Kammalwa
BABI NA UKU
WAƘOƘIN AIKACE-AIKACE
3.0 Gabatarwa
3.1 Daka
3.1.1 Waƙar Daka Mai Suna Bandaro
3.1.2 Ana Lugude Ana Mama
3.1.3 Ta Sa Ni A Dutse Ta Niƙa
3.1.4 Ta Gidan Malam Audu
3.2 Daɓe
3.2.1 Mu Je – Mu Je
3.2.2 Bawan Allah
3.2.3 Lumu Shege!
3.3 Kaɗi
3.3.1 Allah Ba Ni Kaɗa
3.3.2 Amadu
3.4 Kitso
3.4.1 Mai Kitso
3.4.2 Ta Yi Kitsonta
3.5 Niƙa
3.5.1 Zakkar Gida
3.5.2 Waƙar Kishiya
3.5.3 Naƙuda Ta Tashi
3.5.4 Ƙazama
3.6 Kammalawa
BABI NA HUƊU
WAƘOƘIN AURE/RAKA AMARYA
4.0 Gabatarwa
4.1 Ayye Mama
4.2 Ayyaraye
4.3 Ayyaraye Daure Jure
4.4 Waƙar Assalamu Alaikum
4.5 Waƙoƙin Da Ake Yi Wa Ango
4.5.1 Waƙar Ɗan Gazari
4.5.2 Waƙar Ango
4.6 Waƙoƙin Bukin Haihuwa (Suna)
4.6.1 Waƙar Hafsatu
4.6.2 Waƙar Ɗan Fari
4.7 Kammalawa
BABI NA BIYAR
WAƘOƘIN TATSUNIYA
5.7 Tatsuniya
5.7.1 Tatsuniyar Icen Ƙosai
5.7.2 Waƙar Tatsuniyar Dogarido
5.7.3 Waƙar Tatuniyar Ƙwarƙwata Mai Gadi
5.7.4 Waƙar Tatsuniyar Noman Kura Da Kurege
5.7.5 Waƙar Tatsuniyar Daskindariɗi
5.7.6 Waƙar Tatsuniyar Auren Ya Da Ƙanwa
5.7.7 Waƙar Tatsuniyar ‘Yar Auta Da Gogin Rantsuwa
5.7.8 Waƙar Tatsuniyar Cin Amanar Ɗan Uwa
5.7.9 Waƙar Tatsuniyar Kare Da Kura
5.7.10 Waƙar Tatsuniyar ‘Yar Mowa Da ‘Yar Bora
5.7.10 Waƙar Tatsuniyar Ɓaure Mai Magana
BABI NA SHIDA
WAƘOƘIN ROƘON RUWA
6.0 Gabatarwa
6.1 Caccayya
6.2 Allah Mun Tuba
6.3 Allah Koro Ruwa
6.4 Halilu
6.5 Muhammadu
6.6 Kammalawa
BABI NA BAKWAI
WAƘOƘIN BARA
7.0 Gabatarwa
7.1 Ko Ɗan Ƙanzo
7.2 Saboda Manzon Allah
7.3 Daudun Bara
7.4 Mu Roƙi Allah Jalla Sarki
7.4 Kulle
7.5 Almajiri Da Ƙaho
7.6 Kammalawa
BABI NA TAKWAS
SIFFOFIN WAƘOƘIN GARGAJIYA NA HAUSAWA
8.0 Gabatarwa
8.1 Waƙoƙin Gargajiya Ba Sa Tafiya Da Kari
8.1.1 Ta Sa Ni A Dutse Ta Niƙa
8.2 Waƙoƙin Gargajiya Ba Sa Tafiya Da Ƙafiya Ko Amsa-Amo
8.2.1 Mu Je – Mu Je
8.3 Waƙoƙoin Na Iya Zuwa Ba Tare Da Daidaiton Ɗiyoyi Ba
8.3.1 Zakkar Gida
8.4 Waƙoƙin Gargajiya Ba Sa Buƙatar Kayan Kiɗa
8.5 Waƙoƙin Gargajiya Na Tafiya Da Jinsi Da Kuma Rukunin Al’umma
8.6 Waƙoƙin Gargajiya Na Tafiya Da Lokaci Ko Yanayi
8.7 Mafi Yawan Waƙoƙin Gargajiya Gajeru Ne
8.8 Akwai Ƙarancin Kalmomin Aro Cikin Waƙoƙin Gargajiya
Manazarta
Rataye
Fihirisan Kalmomi
Gabatarwa
Waƙa dai ba baƙuwar kalma ba ce. Tuni masana da manazarta suka yi caa a kanta wurin gudanar da bincike da rubuce-rubuce iri-iri a matakan ilimi daban-daban. Wannan ba ya rasa nasaba da yadda waƙa ta kasance komai-da-ruwanka ga rayuwar Bahaushe da ma sauran al’ummu duniya gaba ɗaya. Bahaushe na yin cuɗanya da waƙa a kusan dukkanin al’amuransa na yau da kullum. Wannan ya haɗa da siyasa da bukukuwa da wasanni da ilimantarwa da talla, kai har ma da wasu lamurran da suka shafi addini a wasu lokutan. Wannan kuwa ba ya rasa nasaba da yadda waƙa ta kasance mai matuƙar shiga jiki tare da kama zuciya da kuma jan hankali.
Sai dai waƙa ba ta kasance nau’i guda ba kawai. A maimakon haka, akan samu sauye-sauye da kuma sabbin salailai da sigogin waƙoƙi lokaci zuwa lokaci. Tun Bahaushe yana rera waƙoƙinsa da ka, har aka kai lokacin da ya fara rubuta su. Wannan ya faru bayan cuɗanyarsa da baƙin al’ummu musamman Larabawa da Turawa, wanda hakan ya samar masa da ilimin karatu da rubutu. Da tafiya ta yi tafiya kuma, sai zamani ya zo masa da sabon salon amfani da kayan kiɗan zamani domin rera waƙoƙinsa. Irin waɗannan waƙoƙin ne har yau ake kai-komo kan sunan da ya dace a raɗa musu, musamman yadda suka kasance jemage, ba ka ga tsuntsu ba ka ga dabba. Wato dai suna ɗauke da siffofin waƙoƙin baka da kuma na rubutattun waƙoƙi. Koma dai yaya abin yake, dole ne a yarda zamani ne ya zo da wannan tsari na waƙa.
A ɓangare guda kuma, samuwar waƙoƙin zamani na sutudiyo da kuma wasu nau’ukan tasirin zammani a kan waƙoƙin Bahaushe na gargajiya sun daƙusar da su waƙoƙin gargajiyar, wanda har ta kai ga suna ƙoƙarin ɓacewa gaba ɗaya. Wannan ne ya samar da buƙatar yin wani yunƙuri domin tattara muhimman bayanai da za su adana waɗannan nau’ukan waƙoƙi wuri guda domin gujewa salwantarsu. Wato dai ko da an wayi gari babu su a aikace, to kuwa za a ci gaba da tarar da su a rubuce, HAR MADI.
Wannan littafi ya yi ƙoƙarin tattara bayanai dangane da waƙoƙin Bahaushe na gargajiya. An raba littafin zuwa babi-babi har guda takwas. Babi na farko ya kasance gabatarwa ne ga littafin. A cikin babin an waiwaici ra’ayoyin masana dangane da asalin waƙa. Baya ga haka, an kawo amfani ko muhimmancin waƙoƙin na gargajiya. Daga ciki akwai faɗakarwa da ilimantarwa da nishaɗantarwa da koyar da jarumta da talla da kuma addu’ar alkairi da dai sauransu. Sannan kamar yadda Bahaushe ke cewa: “Kowane allazi da nasa amanu…” haka ma waƙoƙin na da naƙasu ko koma baya. Wannan kuwa ya haɗa da amfani da maganganun batsa ga wasu daga cikin waƙoƙin.
Babi na biyu ya mayar da hankali ne kan waƙoƙin wasanni. Wannan wani rukuni ne daga cikin rukunonin waƙoƙin baka. Akan rera waƙoƙi iri-iri yayin gudanar da wasanni daban-daban. Waɗannan waƙoƙi na zuwa da jigogi mabambanta wanda hakan ya danganta da lokaci da wurin wasan, da kuma masu gudanar da wasan da ma dalilin gudanar da shi. A cikin wannan babi na biyu, an kawo misalan wasannin da ke ɗauke da waƙoƙi. Daga ciki har da wasannin yara maza da na yara mata (wasannin gaɗa) da kuma wasannin tashe.
Babi na uku kuwa, ya mayar da hankali ne kan waƙoƙin aikace-aikace. Wannan ya fi shafar mata kai-tsaye. Nau’ukan waƙoƙi ne da mata ke rerawa yayin gudanar da ayyuka daban-daban. Irin waɗannan waƙoƙi na ɗebe musu kewa tare da ƙara musu kuzarin gudanar da aiki. Daga cikin irin ayyukan da akan rera waƙa yayin gudanar da su akwai: Daɓe da saƙa da kitso da daka da kaɗi da dai sauransu.
A cikin babi na huɗu, an kawo waƙoƙin gargajiya da suka shafi aure ko raka amarya. Da ma dai, bukukuwan Bahaushe na cuɗanye da waƙoƙi da kirare-kirare, ciki har da bukin aure. A yayin bukin aure, mata da ‘yanmata na rera waƙe-waƙe, musamman ma lokacin da suke kan hanyar raka amarya ɗakinta. Yawanci jigogin waɗannan waƙoƙi sun fi karkata kan bankwana ga amarya da tunasar da ita babban aikin da ke gabanta na zaman aure tare kuma da rarrashinta. Babin ya kawo jeranton misalai na irin waɗannan waƙoƙi.
Babi na biyar kuwa, ya duƙufa ne wurin kawo misalan waƙoƙin cikin tatsuniya. Tatsuniyoyin Bahaushe sun kasance wani babban bagire da akan samu misalan waƙoƙinsa na gargajiya. Waƙoƙin na da amfani cikin waɗannan tatsuniyoyi ta fuskar fito da jigoginsu da suka haɗa da faɗakarwa da ilimantarwa da jarumta da dai makamantansu. Sannan waƙoƙin sukan kasance ƙarin gishiri ga waɗannan tatsuniyoyi. Babin na biyar ya kawo misalan wasu daga cikin waƙoƙin gargajiya na tatsuniyoyin Bahaushe.
A babi na shida, an kawo misalan waƙoƙin baka ne da suka shafi roƙon ruwa. Wannan ma dai wani rukuni ne na waƙoƙin bakan Bahaushe. Waƙoƙin sun haɗa da caccayya da Halilu da Allah mun tuba da dai makamantansu. A gaba kuwa, wato babi na bakwai, an kawo waƙoƙi ne da suka shafi bara. Bara dai al’ada ce da ta daɗe a ƙasar Hausa. Mabarata na amfani da waƙoƙin yayin gudanar da bararsu. Daga cikin irin waɗannan waƙoƙi akwai Saboda Manzon Allah da Mu Roƙi Allah Sarki da makamantansu.
Babi na takwas ya kasance na ƙarshe a cikin littafin. Yana ɗauke da bayanai kan siffofin waƙoƙin gargajiya, tamkar dai yadda aka kawo misalan waƙoƙin a babukan da suka gabata. Siffofin kuwa sun haɗa da rashin tafiya da ƙafiya ko ƙarangiya da kasancewarsu ba su buƙatar kayan kiɗa da dai makamantansu.
Dr. Yakubu Aliyu GOBIR
Abu-Ubaida SANI
30-06-201